{"id":"W3210199058","doi":"10.1080/13621025.2021.1968720","title":"The linguistic boundary problem","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Citizenship Studies","topic":"Political Philosophy and Ethics","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Constitution; Sociology; Linguistics; Epistemology; Normative; Politics; Situated; Legitimacy; Political science; Philosophy; Law; Computer science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009304843,0.00007649268,0.0001293646,0.000009696159,0.003277403,0.0001375328,0.0001570091,0.00006313346,0.00001602282],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01216699,0.00005522227,0.00006562333,0.0001763445,0.001886889,0.00001932666,0.0001023678,0.000246973,0.00007843944],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000752367,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003352627,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003172808,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005143742,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986783,0.000306139,0.0001494715,0.0001550899,0.000300602,0.000410435],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.996816,0.002446587,0.00002985168,0.0001537172,0.000460172,0.00009364801],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002766292,0.000005945557,0.000185925,0.00001948467,0.00006271509,0.00002767869,0.01535432,1.979656e-7,0.000003201951,0.9780025,0.005814828,0.0005204539],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004951895,0.000006995628,0.0001972566,0.00002665152,0.00001691199,9.084798e-7,0.007448353,3.56209e-7,0.00003076464,0.8021927,0.1899624,0.00006720753],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.004245013,0.02040661,0.000009987688,0.08628944,0.001187136,0.0001006812,0.000006296271,0.000114503,0.8876404],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9862655,0.002337402,0.0001366132,0.001797672,0.001380471,0.0000179965,9.926101e-7,0.000007211861,0.008056138],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9820205,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9980202,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1339801153974337,"score_gpt":0.3953808341115698,"score_spread":0.2614007187141361,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}