{"id":"W3210329147","doi":"10.33423/jabe.v22i5.3047","title":"R&D, Learning by Doing and Economic Growth","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Applied Business and Economics","topic":"Economic Growth and Productivity","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Imitation; Precondition; Investment (military); Economics; Human capital; Technological change; Economic system; Technical change; Government (linguistics); Industrial organization; Adaptation (eye); Market economy; Economic growth; Macroeconomics; Productivity; Political science; Computer science","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001144116,0.0004616534,0.0003278402,0.001388702,0.0006432054,0.002219874,0.0003801421,0.0009464591,0.005551075],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00377865,0.0001219444,0.0002964151,0.002458756,0.001809153,0.002557636,0.0009073979,0.0007718862,0.00113294],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001404646,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001247767,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0057426,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004168803,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993818,0.0002328368,0.00003520587,0.0001101849,0.0001166874,0.000123328],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9947189,0.00270037,0.001551337,0.000221705,0.0003564588,0.0004511353],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002543538,0.0004679554,0.09250511,0.0006770573,0.0001506545,0.001264557,0.001404727,0.03985091,0.001159027,0.672476,0.01274424,0.1770454],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006373738,0.0002928644,0.08888372,0.000552234,0.00009737066,0.0006693908,0.002645459,0.02115689,0.001898034,0.7593339,0.1243168,0.00008959724],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5367253,0.05269077,0.02023873,0.02052835,0.0003977707,0.00009955085,0.0009710866,0.0002424056,0.368106],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9724708,0.01263766,0.001978385,0.0002939871,0.0001670999,0.00002611754,0.0001593315,0.00001854024,0.01224809],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0057426,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01857018,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01874329263340817,"score_gpt":0.1789829888533423,"score_spread":0.1602396962199341,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}