{"id":"W3211613699","doi":"10.1175/bams-d-21-0170.1","title":"From Atmospheric Waves to Heatwaves: A Waveguide Perspective for Understanding and Predicting Concurrent, Persistent, and Extreme Extratropical Weather","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society","topic":"Climate variability and models","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":121,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Rossby wave; Extratropical cyclone; Climatology; Climate model; Environmental science; Extreme weather; Atmospheric circulation; Atmospheric model; Climate change; Meteorology; Geology; Geography","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002904991,0.000161696,0.0003372071,0.000001733661,0.0002365818,0.00003151311,0.000155276,0.00006225599,0.0006412133],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000406288,0.0001118276,0.0002892206,0.0001389528,0.001125464,0.00001921454,0.0005075851,0.0001410809,0.000002745865],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002144426,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001107917,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001026494,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002800315,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985793,0.0001741185,0.0002211872,0.0005475021,0.0001910417,0.0002868217],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998817,0.0006909135,0.0001256127,0.0002090513,0.00002038693,0.0001370017],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00115623,0.00184324,0.6320602,0.0001977084,0.001818564,0.00001453079,0.05108225,0.004090272,0.2359974,0.02599182,0.03094978,0.01479795],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005867607,0.004393625,0.3668212,0.0002714578,0.001488606,0.00009782797,0.3681735,0.09816311,0.002147289,0.09400409,0.05625514,0.00231658],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.974985,0.0002638956,0.01124322,0.01226259,0.00005039503,0.0003317745,0.00005600569,0.00002316197,0.0007839614],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9593856,0.00009842675,0.03845317,0.001840606,0.00004699347,0.00002353018,0.000001830783,0.00001120701,0.0001386573],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3170912,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7020836,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04695474661060647,"score_gpt":0.2619388854182978,"score_spread":0.2149841388076913,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}