{"id":"W3211643867","doi":"10.7185/gold2021.5977","title":"Geochemical Evaluation of Flowback and Produced Water from Five Hydraulically-Fractured Wells in the Niobrara Formation, Denver-Julesburg Basin, CO, USA: A 228 Day Field Study","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Goldschmidt2021 abstracts","topic":"Hydraulic Fracturing and Reservoir Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"ConocoPhillips (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Geology; Structural basin; Geochemistry; Hydrology (agriculture); Formation water; Petroleum engineering; Mining engineering; Geomorphology; Geotechnical engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001263845,0.0002628099,0.0004182868,0.0001122805,0.00007467336,0.0001127516,0.0002343279,0.0002122197,0.0006893677],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004344323,0.0001814775,0.0001102994,0.0002505985,0.00003521479,0.0003193284,0.00006726502,0.000485431,0.00006765973],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006530768,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005521674,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005461533,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005733133,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9974743,0.0003205318,0.0006737642,0.0003960812,0.000792563,0.0003427633],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985992,0.0003886231,0.00008498491,0.0006263148,0.0002046475,0.00009622761],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00015442,0.00185125,0.02084564,0.0004713142,0.001255582,0.000514536,0.06069029,0.6720659,0.202889,0.000003238964,0.02278552,0.01647328],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001785812,0.00006156621,0.2063327,0.0001092623,0.0003790766,0.0000165609,0.002009379,0.02431313,0.7597443,0.0002275693,0.004609162,0.0004114806],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9955507,0.0004514294,0.0001032732,0.001198899,0.0001304142,0.0003751544,0.00001525552,0.00003363037,0.002141245],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990243,0.00006815562,0.0001096692,0.000284642,0.00015524,0.00004753097,0.0002011112,0.00002142937,0.00008790821],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6477528,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7548093,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01280928490275596,"score_gpt":0.2493566278298978,"score_spread":0.2365473429271419,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}