{"id":"W3213424646","doi":"10.1016/s0140-6736(21)01897-3","title":"How an outbreak became a pandemic: a chronological analysis of crucial junctures and international obligations in the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Lancet","topic":"Viral Infections and Outbreaks Research","field":"Medicine","cited_by":140,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Preparedness; Declaration; Pandemic; Outbreak; Public health; Chronology; International Health Regulations; Mass gathering; Accountability","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000570022,0.00007014981,0.0003119105,0.0001078765,0.00008445144,0.00004120247,0.0002557478,0.00006779449,0.00008717099],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006469387,0.00002990111,0.0001134402,0.0007072469,0.0002792081,0.00005105522,0.0001058432,0.0002843665,4.064615e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004674519,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001379976,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001216768,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005481943,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990479,0.0002672469,0.0001704369,0.0001418473,0.0002430261,0.000129569],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991669,0.0002392864,0.00008087816,0.0003722983,0.00009983888,0.00004077382],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001186055,0.0000883539,0.9892466,0.00001499321,0.0003035413,0.000003944397,0.001678996,0.0001826411,0.004837687,0.001240515,0.000334973,0.001949139],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000866957,0.00008067657,0.9923703,0.00001286355,0.0002214184,0.00003699968,0.0009125228,0.00139339,0.0001376304,0.0008270892,0.00310329,0.00003684271],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9750201,0.0002647039,0.000160607,0.02380462,0.00003804673,0.0001795023,0.00009386427,0.0000111242,0.0004274726],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9977853,0.0002312478,0.00003778459,0.001353804,0.0001764344,0.00002273839,0.00002531906,0.000003419633,0.0003639337],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02276526,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3059053,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1315404675000086,"score_gpt":0.3957161295400881,"score_spread":0.2641756620400795,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}