{"id":"W3213485546","doi":"10.1109/icops36761.2021.9588504","title":"Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy for Environmental Engineering Applications","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Laser-induced spectroscopy and plasma","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy; Spectroscopy; Laser; Plasma; Materials science; Elemental analysis; Radiation; Analytical Chemistry (journal); Optoelectronics; Optics; Chemistry; Environmental chemistry; Inorganic chemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0000500244,0.0002024492,0.0001776419,0.00004964588,0.00008309363,0.00005035744,0.0001213029,0.0001081476,0.0005574506],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000006545336,0.0002222571,0.0001016138,0.0001397778,0.000008268302,0.0001131692,0.0000238064,0.0001632178,0.0002285811],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001210846,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002207505,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000001682939,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001275716,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990636,0.000005849684,0.0001941078,0.0002566033,0.0001100043,0.0003698135],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994588,0.00008576782,0.00001441105,0.0003060833,0.000009794569,0.0001251828],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002616871,0.00004502409,0.0000348145,0.00003418864,0.00005018084,0.000005323741,0.00002323338,0.002504995,0.9923746,0.0008881862,0.0007937233,0.003243121],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003241469,0.00002597654,0.0001368166,0.000006144405,0.00002188778,0.00002244178,0.00003713715,0.04357886,0.9115937,0.00008735891,0.04390987,0.0002556003],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7116886,0.0001600934,0.2540043,0.0002085531,0.0007495075,0.0009379216,0.0002861321,0.001417952,0.03054696],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9688078,0.0000595551,0.02884469,0.00008346439,0.0003310507,0.0003540619,0.0002107849,0.00007331635,0.001235344],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2571191,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.906338,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.006879003636711137,"score_gpt":0.204200588303237,"score_spread":0.1973215846665259,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}