{"id":"W3213974828","doi":"10.1136/medethics-2021-107765","title":"Informed consent in pragmatic trials: results from a survey of trials published 2014–2019","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Medical Ethics","topic":"Ethics in Clinical Research","field":"Medicine","cited_by":24,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Western University; Ottawa Hospital; University of Ottawa","funders":"National Institute on Aging; Canadian Institutes of Health Research","keywords":"Waiver; Informed consent; Research ethics; Family medicine; Clinical trial; Medicine; Institutional review board; MEDLINE; Logistic regression; Psychology; Alternative medicine; Law; Political science; Psychiatry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","research_integrity","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["metaresearch","research_integrity"],"category_scores_codex":[0.594183,0.000205801,0.003670254,0.0004220788,0.00004117194,0.00008941571,0.0007810578,0.004252649,0.002244523],"category_scores_gemma":[0.9969739,0.0001354422,0.0006404592,0.0007976705,0.0008384712,0.0001837001,0.0003242299,0.02235973,0.00002664367],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002111037,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.138221,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005376905,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.06592784,"domain_scores_codex":[0.8668412,0.05867051,0.02971965,0.000923073,0.04267473,0.001170823],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.005918911,0.975798,0.004831462,0.0009004762,0.01128202,0.00126918],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":"methods","domain_candidate":"methods","domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.08848073,0.01103698,0.05273206,0.01590942,0.006930368,0.01289295,0.024707,0.00007507922,0.003357851,0.02089053,0.7410057,0.02198139],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.2372808,0.006566573,0.3709495,0.1264178,0.002006253,0.001186525,0.006367517,0.0009129948,0.006675923,0.2143195,0.02614616,0.001170432],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2470644,0.007323552,0.001607457,0.7330465,0.005031355,0.00115152,0.0006598489,0.00002312775,0.00409234],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7709923,0.1989465,0.01146627,0.01389136,0.002582189,0.00001161357,0.0004573156,0.00006956404,0.001582924],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9171274,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9986675,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.7879328139554614,"score_gpt":0.6646176551062494,"score_spread":0.1233151588492121,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}