{"id":"W3214304457","doi":"10.1111/caje.12552","title":"Borders, varieties and distribution costs: Evidence from a US–Canada retail chain","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d économique","topic":"Consumer Market Behavior and Pricing","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Variety (cybernetics); Distribution (mathematics); Business; Product (mathematics); Retail market; Quarter (Canadian coin); Scale (ratio); Consumer welfare; Welfare; Retail sales; Marketing; Economics; Geography; Market economy; Statistics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005205279,0.0002393287,0.0004573277,0.0002073294,0.0002609154,0.0005141239,0.0003059104,0.0001133289,0.0007110171],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006711567,0.0003006729,0.0001011334,0.0001753798,0.0001032547,0.00110631,0.00005375241,0.0003175745,0.00000513817],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001544457,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.004053978,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9869664,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9999204,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984995,0.00003213615,0.0006114162,0.0003328087,0.000006027008,0.0005180842],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982812,0.0002260771,0.0004966655,0.0002893092,0.0003590645,0.0003477161],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001589229,0.00001587122,0.8252109,0.0001722913,0.0002988303,0.001567266,0.0003836779,0.0004579955,0.00009253305,0.1186838,0.009647756,0.04331012],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001798968,0.00007123384,0.258088,0.001075925,0.000599131,0.0005752668,0.00364981,0.00546305,0.0001890781,0.04951634,0.6772532,0.001719938],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9903905,0.001725008,0.00006686048,0.005614214,0.001339622,0.0001078936,0.0001862308,0.000005975957,0.0005636927],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9968897,0.0002396433,0.00007070322,0.00167647,0.0008023781,0.000005111318,0.00009591048,0.00002991748,0.0001901995],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6676055,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999446,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.08020291224708062,"score_gpt":0.1781545653984593,"score_spread":0.09795165315137866,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}