{"id":"W3214641965","doi":"10.33137/utjph.v2i2.37005","title":"The Effect of Back Pain on Health Care Utilization and Costs","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"University of Toronto Journal of Public Health","topic":"Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Public Health; St. Michael's Hospital; Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College; Ontario Tech University; Centre for Disability Prevention and Rehabilitation; Public Health Ontario; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Medicine; Propensity score matching; Back pain; Health care; Poisson regression; Population; Rate ratio; Cohort study; Demography; Physical therapy; Low back pain; Cohort; Environmental health; Alternative medicine; Internal medicine","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001752498,0.0003170309,0.0004029184,0.001273613,0.0005374106,0.001152089,0.0007005722,0.0005060744,0.002598591],"category_scores_gemma":[0.007589931,0.0002366903,0.001111355,0.001895823,0.0006822037,0.0005002822,0.0006688776,0.0004117723,0.0001710544],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.004207273,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003044121,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.3904161,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.4211735,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9970958,0.0007042805,0.0002678404,0.0003871576,0.001092018,0.0004529448],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9949727,0.0007652813,0.002952913,0.0002142038,0.0007382027,0.0003566729],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006056093,0.00002196124,0.9962915,0.00009226253,0.0003147148,0.00002804514,0.00003378289,0.0000882119,0.00004252509,0.00004975282,0.0003040312,0.002672643],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000004213788,0.0000212256,0.9994748,0.00002673898,0.00005699214,0.0000288983,0.00001957551,0.0001025306,0.00001285641,0.00001779419,0.0002322175,0.000002130787],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9757053,0.008904691,0.0005172464,0.001300845,0.00004600903,0.00007659515,0.01042318,0.00001824836,0.003007826],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9964377,0.001200146,0.0001979828,0.0001630884,0.00004394889,0.00002219196,0.001674821,0.000002507147,0.0002577621],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3904161,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7762872,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.2364649621952875,"score_gpt":0.3823628580136342,"score_spread":0.1458978958183466,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}