{"id":"W3214824189","doi":"10.1021/acs.energyfuels.1c02614","title":"Field Applications of Nanotechnology in the Oil and Gas Industry: Recent Advances and Perspectives","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy & Fuels","topic":"Enhanced Oil Recovery Techniques","field":"Engineering","cited_by":91,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Nanofluid; Enhanced oil recovery; Petroleum industry; Petroleum engineering; Unconventional oil; Fossil fuel; Environmental science; Hydraulic fracturing; Asphaltene; Nanoparticle; Nanotechnology; Materials science; Geology; Waste management; Chemical engineering; Environmental engineering; Engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00004399063,0.00005828118,0.00008895368,0.00004730164,0.00001632168,0.000006965486,0.00006626199,0.0001298591,0.0000166176],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003759679,0.00005069793,0.000009063166,0.0001984482,0.0000435069,0.00005401915,0.00002691983,0.0001638991,1.248155e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000012634,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008391346,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001318335,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001981469,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996688,0.00001655297,0.00008643855,0.0001070954,0.00004154401,0.00007954393],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997287,0.00007915962,0.00001584616,0.0001439515,0.00002143063,0.00001089854],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002281195,0.00001739172,0.0001695662,0.00003677842,0.000009330965,0.000003111271,0.0003898088,0.00004217122,0.03131812,0.01799379,0.00007623903,0.9499414],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00009449825,0.00004152088,0.000172996,0.00003978565,0.000005298399,0.00001748337,0.001629474,0.00002426671,0.7377965,0.01915274,0.2409254,0.0001000042],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8221183,0.1204706,0.008634703,0.004089138,0.00007210051,0.00005437756,0.000008432517,0.0002758541,0.04427651],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8802,0.1175859,0.001853062,0.00007694841,0.0000190759,0.0000987201,0.000001564896,0.000008299882,0.0001564642],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9498414,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2067402,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.007245542279453026,"score_gpt":0.2300264172559405,"score_spread":0.2227808749764875,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}