{"id":"W3214931871","doi":"10.1063/5.0063755","title":"Adiabatic invariant of a charged particle moving in a magnetic field with a constant gradient","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Physics of Plasmas","topic":"Magnetic confinement fusion research","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Royal Military College of Canada","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Adiabatic invariant; Physics; Adiabatic process; Magnetic field; Invariant (physics); Classical mechanics; Charged particle; Magnetosphere particle motion; Quantum electrodynamics; Quantum mechanics; Ion","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001065253,0.00009667624,0.0002357376,0.00003324706,0.00002015413,0.00001235836,0.0001027763,0.00001358239,0.01054574],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002294991,0.00008809213,0.00004861331,0.0002980378,0.00005792849,0.00002116769,0.00008144023,0.0001113264,0.000007393051],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000004443366,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002050806,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007542404,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002059399,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990436,0.00005118887,0.0002724603,0.0001730652,0.0002394763,0.0002202408],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992583,0.0002294854,0.00009701822,0.000242771,0.0001108236,0.00006153304],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002432562,0.002388641,0.2392979,0.000421192,0.000156103,0.00006359153,0.003143411,0.0003004233,0.3170231,0.2936339,0.0003341686,0.1429943],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005242884,0.001408842,0.01151146,0.0005840202,0.00009480595,0.00000238286,0.004098283,0.03511196,0.9318289,0.009122508,0.0005428268,0.0004510895],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9716357,0.00004595367,0.0006694777,0.0004101251,0.00001930675,0.0002239464,0.00002015585,0.000004176578,0.02697114],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988925,0.000003275047,0.0006972429,0.00001746623,0.00001789949,0.00003553563,0.000006933737,0.000006966418,0.0003221672],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6148059,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9903588,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01264923355335064,"score_gpt":0.2298058348458742,"score_spread":0.2171566012925236,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}