{"id":"W3215011116","doi":"10.1109/ms.2021.3130755","title":"Conceptualizing Digital Twins","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Software","topic":"Digital Transformation in Industry","field":"Engineering","cited_by":122,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"École de Technologie Supérieure","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Software engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.005518407,0.0008052073,0.000518076,0.004683325,0.002931365,0.009719536,0.002349453,0.002309395,0.004355592],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01210171,0.0007395271,0.001247576,0.004880176,0.008178657,0.0247743,0.0113869,0.003023487,0.0007914482],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00231419,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002984486,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003850111,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003141796,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9955413,0.00185961,0.0004186866,0.0007239473,0.001129605,0.0003268976],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9950032,0.001356027,0.000414938,0.001719837,0.0009695065,0.0005365645],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004426977,0.000006718146,0.0002622962,0.00001815648,0.000004025446,0.00008832989,0.001122636,0.0006609578,0.0001334407,0.9927629,0.0004540357,0.004482048],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000009098584,0.00002519363,0.0002330976,0.0001672969,0.00002772389,0.0005318719,0.004114673,0.01515608,0.001077227,0.8757024,0.10293,0.00002532427],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.0407583,0.0009709719,0.8833616,0.004459796,0.0003326559,0.0002549377,0.0004238918,0.0004608414,0.06897703],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.4837332,0.001902869,0.4918841,0.001089439,0.0001738881,0.0006573503,0.001138951,0.0003882664,0.01903206],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.009719536,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02918446,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02166072588118796,"score_gpt":0.2272098786001635,"score_spread":0.2055491527189755,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}