{"id":"W3215464418","doi":"10.1109/5gwf52925.2021.00042","title":"Deep Reinforcement Learning Based Coalition Formation for Energy Trading in Smart Grid","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Smart Grid Energy Management","field":"Engineering","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Microgrid; Reinforcement learning; Computer science; Smart grid; Renewable energy; Reliability (semiconductor); Grid; Game theory; Dynamic pricing; Distributed computing; Scheme (mathematics); Minification; Mathematical optimization; Artificial intelligence; Control (management); Microeconomics; Engineering; Economics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001505553,0.0001044697,0.0001067609,0.0001309887,0.00004521017,0.00003683205,0.00004727035,0.0000414606,0.0001725816],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002392889,0.0001208029,0.00004915021,0.0001794431,0.000003816299,0.0002276564,0.00001436981,0.00005608138,0.000004532432],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002112844,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008782368,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002581584,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002755554,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992712,0.00002051695,0.0002513331,0.0001164463,0.0001189435,0.0002215524],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997525,0.00005205974,0.00002084628,0.0001114368,0.00002845712,0.00003467572],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004872952,0.000007233635,0.00008385309,0.0000802896,0.00001129285,0.000003120877,0.0000531403,0.9908864,0.0007651104,0.005153822,0.001554467,0.001396433],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005654391,0.00001966726,0.0001799978,0.00002818212,0.000007611066,0.000001092147,0.0001595654,0.9214385,0.02880889,0.00007147865,0.04858625,0.0001333169],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.002922937,0.00004327764,0.9786706,0.0001074208,0.0004387149,0.00008738474,3.118709e-7,0.0002213168,0.01750802],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9952263,0.00002851251,0.003448036,0.0001960614,0.0001074077,0.0001560483,0.0003381482,0.00002397585,0.0004754745],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9923034,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.49262,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01171131230469463,"score_gpt":0.1963805692147672,"score_spread":0.1846692569100726,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}