{"id":"W3215510528","doi":"10.1111/poms.13624","title":"Why do Energy Markets in Europe Rely on One Instrument?","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Production and Operations Management","topic":"Electric Power System Optimization","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Futures contract; Spot contract; Electricity; Forward contract; Normal backwardation; Forward market; Microeconomics; Derivative (finance); Business; Economics; Spot market; Variance (accounting); Hedge; Industrial organization; Financial economics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001112451,0.00008164784,0.0000733128,0.0001689645,0.0000647109,0.00008932511,0.00003475097,0.00002053585,0.00005264438],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003006418,0.00009265016,0.000007839594,0.0006447443,0.000006180333,0.0001539347,0.0000238505,0.00005367531,0.00001156467],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006656216,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000006302945,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00000736655,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00009424541,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993488,0.00004999506,0.0001659245,0.0002235364,0.0001071993,0.0001046054],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997165,0.000003383998,0.000009049492,0.0001888227,0.00005767556,0.00002451847],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002526171,0.0003653897,0.0003104885,0.0002374221,0.0001601733,0.00003303339,0.0003810976,0.7982106,0.002002392,0.08147617,0.0477029,0.06909505],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001522102,0.0001294473,0.01005724,0.0005300912,0.00008785907,0.00005057353,0.000382874,0.2356631,0.02603913,0.0002279281,0.7243745,0.0009352077],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2019741,0.006101086,0.2158604,0.04232505,0.008421675,0.00268113,0.00001193507,0.001712554,0.5209121],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9848751,0.003977859,0.004110363,0.0004408276,0.00008920662,0.00009785376,0.00003652974,0.00002540736,0.006346872],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.782901,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3778164,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.007990211478247826,"score_gpt":0.181417557742951,"score_spread":0.1734273462647031,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}