{"id":"W3215510528","doi":"10.1111/poms.13624","title":"Why do Energy Markets in Europe Rely on One Instrument?","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Production and Operations Management","topic":"Electric Power System Optimization","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Futures contract; Spot contract; Electricity; Forward contract; Normal backwardation; Forward market; Microeconomics; Derivative (finance); Business; Economics; Spot market; Variance (accounting); Hedge; Industrial organization; Financial economics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003323049,0.0005176744,0.001026648,0.001905637,0.001616846,0.009723896,0.001264223,0.00507565,0.01474782],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01048841,0.0004099161,0.001156709,0.002771661,0.005180728,0.01672138,0.003754381,0.003439388,0.002065417],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002229295,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001730893,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004564928,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002508874,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9977316,0.000569142,0.0001143269,0.0006021229,0.0005357058,0.0004471164],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9975465,0.000717522,0.0005659235,0.000468491,0.0004295812,0.000272079],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007475069,0.00004949925,0.004932285,0.00009723486,0.00006414628,0.0001304773,0.0003471285,0.001919939,0.0002177659,0.9444023,0.007678059,0.04008636],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001234033,0.00007917725,0.01382804,0.0004464177,0.00006963134,0.0003232196,0.00132324,0.003895077,0.0005331988,0.8048498,0.1744364,0.00009245316],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2209932,0.03515374,0.07190828,0.06871306,0.002106596,0.0001373144,0.001280602,0.0008394331,0.5988678],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9603938,0.005448197,0.006289643,0.008889757,0.0005443523,0.00008090241,0.0002991405,0.0001762455,0.01787781],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.01474782,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.04933637,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.007990211478247826,"score_gpt":0.181417557742951,"score_spread":0.1734273462647031,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}