{"id":"W3216164670","doi":"10.1075/jslp.18015.ken","title":"Difficulties understanding L2 speech due to discourse- versus word-level elements","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Second Language Pronunciation","topic":"Phonetics and Phonology Research","field":"Psychology","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Phrase; Intelligibility (philosophy); Ambiguity; Active listening; Linguistics; Psychology; Computer science; Natural language processing; Communication","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005971862,0.0001109953,0.0002260579,0.0001850928,0.00008706268,0.00006582312,0.0001700972,0.000101504,0.005063546],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002216316,0.00009811413,0.00008358314,0.0002340183,0.00002728803,0.0001179834,0.00005486135,0.0003471638,0.00008428768],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003166837,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000137912,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002364729,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0008457393,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986476,0.0001375684,0.000406966,0.000163771,0.0003446769,0.000299415],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990824,0.0001374283,0.0002714793,0.0001765394,0.000207641,0.000124497],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.006453594,0.002559807,0.0159394,0.0002777703,0.003752527,0.009960003,0.3795193,0.0001175716,0.2838199,0.007130989,0.09192228,0.1985468],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01553597,0.002187332,0.6367261,0.0003197568,0.0002660229,0.001373698,0.2841545,0.00006813688,0.04944167,0.003036521,0.005921986,0.0009682929],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9917195,0.0009427722,0.001039372,0.0009440518,0.001583984,0.0001302164,0.00004119869,0.000008574101,0.003590325],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9926487,0.00001126745,0.0016857,0.0001851538,0.000437374,0.000005629131,0.00002482907,0.00001768793,0.00498368],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6207867,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.995846,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.09206804670603602,"score_gpt":0.3799450390717084,"score_spread":0.2878769923656724,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}