{"id":"W3217661076","doi":"10.1080/18117295.2021.2003135","title":"Semiotic Aspects of Differential Equations: Analytical and Graphical Competency in the USA and Tunisia","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"African Journal of Research in Mathematics Science and Technology Education","topic":"Mathematics Education and Teaching Techniques","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Semiotics; Mathematics education; Class (philosophy); Algebra over a field; Graphical display; Computer science; Order (exchange); Mathematics; Epistemology; Pure mathematics; Artificial intelligence; Philosophy","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001125111,0.00019094,0.0002081171,0.001102293,0.001244073,0.001594278,0.0002516358,0.000272653,0.001700094],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003509802,0.0001188543,0.0001374781,0.0009277751,0.00124475,0.0007803898,0.001425132,0.000397105,0.0001277059],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002286182,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002805149,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.03342576,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.05193945,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993258,0.0002539186,0.00005355553,0.00007425125,0.0001423804,0.0001500928],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985054,0.0004975591,0.0003329636,0.00006118303,0.0003014563,0.0003014419],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003842429,0.001066584,0.5619453,0.0002928954,0.00003325648,0.002204299,0.280476,0.001128735,0.01543176,0.01319313,0.001069665,0.122774],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002361926,0.000441941,0.7960009,0.0001901998,0.00001409354,0.0009398517,0.1688548,0.001600994,0.004415233,0.002461712,0.02501667,0.00003997454],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.996832,0.00007683997,0.0001291836,0.0001221578,0.000002548098,0.000008385967,0.0000111715,0.000001916025,0.002815957],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986417,0.00008886372,0.0002027978,0.00004470232,0.000002339334,0.000007506672,0.00001812069,0.000001284388,0.000992651],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03342576,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0664624,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.08283425043748213,"score_gpt":0.4482757475255123,"score_spread":0.3654414970880302,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}