{"id":"W348098494","doi":"10.4169/math.mag.86.3.204","title":"Cooling Coffee without Solving Differential Equations","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Mathematics Magazine","topic":"Experimental and Theoretical Physics Studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Mathematics; Convexity; Function (biology); Law; Applied mathematics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00003598848,0.0001586264,0.0002199039,0.00002429137,0.0001638836,0.00008697402,0.0001172524,0.00001607634,0.003298502],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000008009596,0.0001257612,0.00008167894,0.00006971307,0.00009812891,0.0001047223,0.0001320153,0.0000955818,0.001826385],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001082189,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000006923712,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000019162,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":4.37752e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992404,0.00001222101,0.0002257396,0.0001417707,0.0001443803,0.000235462],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994872,0.0001174371,0.00007727215,0.0001860701,0.00006319275,0.00006885907],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001456415,0.000285682,0.000443646,0.0000235692,0.00009335543,1.393958e-7,0.0006931672,0.000007834708,0.01904848,0.9784453,0.0005978967,0.0003595068],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003545646,0.00002511178,0.000177826,0.00004906575,0.0000520986,2.684309e-7,0.0004913036,0.02141659,0.004971379,0.9721851,0.00005618274,0.0002204674],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1223262,0.00003811436,0.3597848,0.0001414443,0.0001637907,0.0004140447,0.00001519152,0.000089619,0.5170268],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9937176,5.456256e-7,0.003625067,0.00002205978,0.0002369575,0.0000882462,0.00002030043,0.00002286594,0.002266408],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8713914,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9989508,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01239288105659625,"score_gpt":0.2475984597460767,"score_spread":0.2352055786894804,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}