{"id":"W39104023","doi":"10.1007/978-90-481-8816-1_2","title":"A History of Visualization in Psychology and Science","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Models and modeling in science education","topic":"Data Visualization and Analytics","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Visualization; Psychological science; Perception; Object (grammar); Phenomenon; Psychology; Epistemology; Visual thinking; Cognitive science; Cognitive psychology; Computer science; Social psychology; Artificial intelligence; Philosophy; Mathematics education","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001340562,0.0001393733,0.0001947617,0.001497602,0.00007512908,0.00009293779,0.0006685547,0.0001238254,0.000003630277],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000686313,0.0001460945,0.00001340325,0.000374491,0.0009127631,0.001398749,0.0002346274,0.0001865457,6.949097e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001670833,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003354031,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008098737,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006562234,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982694,0.000009673482,0.0003935979,0.0007118565,0.0004178444,0.0001976173],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989595,0.00001428966,0.0001781863,0.00042843,0.0003208252,0.00009874554],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001723237,0.00005663158,0.00002795554,0.00002913069,5.090604e-7,2.750225e-7,0.002335367,0.0020931,0.001868887,0.9535592,0.00002030935,0.04000686],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00008194935,0.00001718177,0.00001945539,0.0001104619,0.000002203194,0.000003899298,0.0000159094,0.8774204,0.00001768382,0.1212076,0.0009696503,0.0001335499],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.007145281,0.002681542,0.921646,0.0002410829,0.001394876,0.0002855121,0.00000269127,0.00003071027,0.06657228],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9468995,0.005464364,0.03531187,0.0008747099,0.00006906834,0.00001384542,0.00001658466,0.00002678155,0.01132329],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9397542,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5957562,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1036404008235408,"score_gpt":0.3774717854210719,"score_spread":0.2738313845975311,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}