{"id":"W4200015418","doi":"10.33423/jabe.v23i5.4574","title":"The Prevalence and Demography of Insufficient Earnings","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Applied Business and Economics","topic":"Employment and Welfare Studies","field":"Health Professions","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Earnings; Poverty; Wage; Immigration; Demographic economics; Educational attainment; Metropolitan area; Marital status; Social security; Demography; Economics; Ethnic group; Full-time; Labour economics; Population; Geography; Political science; Sociology; Economic growth","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004942112,0.00009335241,0.0001205491,0.001858592,0.0003494181,0.000415372,0.0003592669,0.0001868039,0.002110341],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002832511,0.0001321826,0.0001554552,0.001126366,0.0002817994,0.0006356645,0.0006390823,0.0003280806,0.0002477586],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000295679,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002781969,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01151997,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01407756,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999581,0.00007242642,0.00006487459,0.00008261817,0.0001063387,0.000092809],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9975249,0.000203847,0.001629922,0.0001010427,0.0002788531,0.000261405],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000017748,0.000009899299,0.9971107,0.000007968661,0.000008431444,0.00004520646,0.0001952143,0.00003499156,0.00006259474,0.00009209733,0.0002076582,0.002207492],"study_design_scores_gemma":[4.242121e-7,0.00001401958,0.9989617,0.00001041386,0.000002408805,0.0001898534,0.0004147319,0.0000596063,0.00002456503,0.00004822165,0.000272035,0.000002052335],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.996631,0.0002134827,0.00009104531,0.0001077711,0.000005034077,0.000007542003,0.001142364,0.000004473128,0.001797376],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987954,0.0001589927,0.00006227566,0.00001534765,0.000006561359,0.000006458649,0.0006700777,0.000001351946,0.0002834629],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01151997,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02290583,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02071992257719654,"score_gpt":0.289804406322647,"score_spread":0.2690844837454505,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}