{"id":"W4200024011","doi":"10.1016/b978-0-323-85176-3.00001-9","title":"Introduction","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Elsevier eBooks","topic":"Fuel Cells and Related Materials","field":"Engineering","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tech University","funders":"","keywords":"Energy carrier; Renewable energy; Hydrogen fuel; Fossil fuel; Commercialization; Proton exchange membrane fuel cell; Solid oxide fuel cell; Primary energy; Hydrogen economy; Environmental science; Fuel cells; Waste management; Engineering; Business; Chemistry; Electrical engineering; Chemical engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004392568,0.001014125,0.0005863903,0.0017904,0.001230624,0.003683328,0.001417465,0.001641866,0.5888463],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001233526,0.0003438103,0.0005343831,0.001588678,0.0004512926,0.002569179,0.002063411,0.001493376,0.5189204],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001121108,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001643297,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002995803,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005256293,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995333,0.00003470222,0.00001594217,0.0000960176,0.000271318,0.00004869793],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995871,0.00005694312,0.00001401755,0.00006091309,0.0002034798,0.00007739258],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002122924,0.00004058885,0.00008666523,0.0001831839,0.000002078711,0.0000617874,0.00009916233,0.0001585902,0.0006181564,0.02295689,0.7239965,0.2517753],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000001247464,0.000004344945,0.00005998937,0.00005364822,7.10615e-7,0.00003435907,0.00002287517,0.00002122704,0.00007748054,0.002115979,0.9976063,0.00000197397],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.0002894517,0.002493043,0.002900663,0.001302481,0.002720675,0.00009302019,0.001436334,0.000710776,0.9880536],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0005473225,0.001268304,0.0008624678,0.0004461271,0.0002752244,0.0000367233,0.0008751587,0.0001551377,0.9955335],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4111537,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5864608,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.006406344926596738,"score_gpt":0.1804019581426519,"score_spread":0.1739956132160552,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}