{"id":"W4200047717","doi":"10.1145/3481357.3481522","title":"SoK: Human, Organizational, and Technological Dimensions of Developers’ Challenges in Engineering Secure Software","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Software development; Computer science; Software; Work (physics); Secure coding; Social software engineering; Knowledge management; Software engineering; Software peer review; Software security assurance; Engineering; Software construction; Computer security; Information security","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007214955,0.0000736978,0.0001108958,0.0001179616,0.00003500161,0.00001118731,0.000161761,0.00008211473,0.00001333203],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002745001,0.00006188856,0.00001049734,0.000477342,0.00002824941,0.000148806,0.0003540482,0.0001049085,0.000001017045],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002192742,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002911625,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000001059782,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001600036,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994121,0.00001229254,0.0001392976,0.0002419614,0.00009387298,0.0001005273],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995563,0.00006301355,0.00002606887,0.0002027205,0.0001280056,0.00002387514],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001493891,0.0001409379,0.002404858,0.0001229768,0.00001854594,0.0001042957,0.0006958099,0.000468779,0.0879057,0.8668249,0.00007572532,0.04123593],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003632477,0.0001000573,0.01415694,0.0001646776,0.000003708236,0.0002251699,0.0004488286,0.002694371,0.9207901,0.05603367,0.004505734,0.0005134378],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.01434335,0.0008345704,0.9832774,0.0007148097,0.00002150887,0.0000608533,6.170904e-7,0.0006509202,0.00009594994],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.5620929,0.0003806183,0.4374521,0.00002844405,0.000002640885,0.000006895972,7.974393e-7,0.000005141505,0.0000304636],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8328844,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2523742,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02380415149935051,"score_gpt":0.2402785716167115,"score_spread":0.216474420117361,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}