{"id":"W4200061738","doi":"10.3390/en14248310","title":"A Systematic Study to Assess Displacement Performance of a Naturally-Derived Surfactant in Flow Porous Systems","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energies","topic":"Enhanced Oil Recovery Techniques","field":"Engineering","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","funders":"Amirkabir University of Technology","keywords":"Micromodel; Pulmonary surfactant; Enhanced oil recovery; Surface tension; Contact angle; Porous medium; Chemical engineering; Wetting; Oil in place; Residual oil; Chemistry; Drop (telecommunication); Critical micelle concentration; Salinity; Materials science; Chromatography; Petroleum engineering; Micelle; Porosity; Petroleum; Composite material; Aqueous solution; Geology; Thermodynamics; Organic chemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004624964,0.0003245386,0.0003047312,0.0002889512,0.0002020273,0.00033098,0.0002758847,0.0003130086,0.0004482966],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006911926,0.00008467658,0.0002025346,0.0002261129,0.0002539067,0.0006132848,0.0002719253,0.0003085163,0.0001370148],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002712857,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003797806,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000606525,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007848159,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997668,0.00003707404,0.00002132974,0.00004785523,0.00009593622,0.00003109103],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996997,0.00007706374,0.0000712944,0.00003138332,0.00009998225,0.00002057852],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003144073,0.00004427473,0.0004882081,0.0002199343,0.00001053199,0.00004473386,0.00002514176,0.0002854338,0.9922656,0.0002213939,0.00003389094,0.006329404],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000003874788,0.0005229791,0.001018262,0.0000117692,0.00001870339,0.00009811706,0.00002556323,0.00312234,0.993264,0.00004474685,0.001863676,0.000005927721],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9698845,0.006431585,0.02198275,0.00008126641,0.00003924895,0.0001010861,0.0001484525,0.0001089533,0.001222165],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9852723,0.00320508,0.01055539,0.00003133457,0.00001228681,0.0000500222,0.0001524504,0.00001468112,0.0007063001],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.000606525,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.002445996,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01138058063409996,"score_gpt":0.2369905144740445,"score_spread":0.2256099338399445,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}