{"id":"W4200138132","doi":"10.3390/min11121425","title":"Titanium: An Overview of Resources and Production Methods","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Minerals","topic":"Molten salt chemistry and electrochemical processes","field":"Chemical Engineering","cited_by":101,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Université de Sherbrooke","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Titanium; Ilmenite; Production (economics); Materials science; Process (computing); Metallurgy; Process engineering; Natural resource economics; Environmental science; Computer science; Engineering; Mineralogy; Chemistry; Economics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001374593,0.00008714304,0.0001774791,0.00001179389,0.00001915353,0.000009909098,0.00006137019,0.00006543946,0.000167387],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003875647,0.00008121214,0.00002842885,0.0001580455,0.00002721994,0.00008029944,0.00003415005,0.00009635908,0.000001202384],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000008441159,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001074521,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000007962894,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001269591,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993781,0.00002672798,0.0001691979,0.0002190554,0.00008086768,0.0001260236],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995968,0.00004172794,0.00004005713,0.0001771898,0.00008276689,0.00006144415],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000728965,0.00003120002,0.00001387555,0.0004295685,0.00001400453,0.000001720865,0.00007770437,0.00001955085,0.9969977,0.0002720236,0.0004115182,0.001723834],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007246711,0.0000107338,0.000006356551,0.00005318906,0.00001866852,0.00002745765,0.00003129032,0.0003032335,0.9844797,0.0008599319,0.01404587,0.00009109735],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9759407,0.01610692,0.00102359,0.0005071993,0.00005970743,0.00004378937,0.000003737191,0.00007839104,0.006235981],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.945293,0.0009261268,0.0419474,0.0001357728,0.0003900573,0.00001390391,0.00003737823,0.00002895212,0.0112274],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04092381,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3311735,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.05757804305315318,"score_gpt":0.354780748960122,"score_spread":0.2972027059069688,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}