{"id":"W4200145499","doi":"10.1109/pst52912.2021.9647823","title":"Fool Me Once: A Study of Password Selection Evolution over the Past Decade","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"User Authentication and Security Systems","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Ontario Tech University","funders":"","keywords":"Password; Computer science; Credential; Computer security; Password policy; Selection (genetic algorithm); Set (abstract data type); Authentication (law); Cognitive password; Identification (biology); Internet privacy; One-time password; Artificial intelligence","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002533182,0.00006350974,0.00009485378,0.00004451827,0.0001049183,0.00008622158,0.0003370547,0.00003121819,0.0000341437],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002770961,0.00004423986,0.00003998705,0.000736905,0.00001283089,0.0001849988,0.0001093827,0.00007662406,0.00002259952],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004379189,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000611562,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001557772,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006107241,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989201,0.0002071665,0.0002185236,0.0002185412,0.0003239598,0.0001117536],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992557,0.00005921175,0.00007984415,0.000398767,0.0001749899,0.00003150152],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002283871,0.004079938,0.3566438,0.00008620785,0.0003294905,0.000009615755,0.2873441,0.00009840697,0.01273994,0.3143902,0.01556808,0.008687394],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001038981,0.0002835272,0.7010585,0.0000210688,0.00003271634,0.00003309735,0.006562304,0.2804197,0.002378702,0.002710862,0.005239387,0.0002211079],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8419189,0.00005310362,0.1559429,0.0007914099,0.0002849437,0.0002498849,3.461781e-7,0.00007483156,0.0006836107],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986756,0.000001798004,0.0002837389,0.0001074805,0.00004966886,0.00001972003,5.355919e-7,0.000003138518,0.0008582562],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3444147,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1804049,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01638298687749118,"score_gpt":0.2651436323976842,"score_spread":0.248760645520193,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}