{"id":"W4200174834","doi":"10.31211/rpics.2021.7.2.230","title":"Two-stage cluster analysis in distance learning: A way to reduce gaps in the scientific literature on open and distance education","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Revista Portuguesa de Investigação Comportamental e Social","topic":"Online Learning and Analytics","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Université TÉLUQ; Université du Québec en Outaouais","funders":"","keywords":"Dropout (neural networks); Distance education; Cluster (spacecraft); Mathematics education; Psychology; Point (geometry); Statistics; Computer science; Stage (stratigraphy); Econometrics; Mathematics; Machine learning","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["scholarly_communication"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001497281,0.0002508644,0.0004383425,0.0003259831,0.0003543923,0.002463822,0.001047885,0.00007988588,0.000009075613],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002507745,0.0002254543,0.0001257147,0.004150722,0.00017525,0.0004135522,0.0004011766,0.0006564606,0.000004811656],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002734169,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000416953,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008493975,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006410243,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9970001,0.0006483608,0.0005539731,0.0008845395,0.0004963769,0.0004166643],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987749,0.0001155706,0.0002688731,0.000553087,0.00009899565,0.0001885768],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001099646,0.002521988,0.4634444,0.0003689911,0.0001986653,0.001061308,0.04811519,0.003334844,0.004749446,0.4460496,0.007358442,0.02268711],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003765626,0.0005040336,0.6292075,0.003242157,0.000378502,0.0001533884,0.01607053,0.06607622,0.001052686,0.01327193,0.2633076,0.002969823],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9800261,0.001013713,0.002063758,0.01478108,0.0001690018,0.0004419842,0.0000294306,0.00004431492,0.00143056],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9903775,0.00003381457,0.003891927,0.002862578,0.0001115148,0.00004188637,0.0002578289,0.00001518261,0.002407803],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4327777,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9985717,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02080534835414741,"score_gpt":0.328856000670716,"score_spread":0.3080506523165686,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}