{"id":"W4200177496","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.1c04798","title":"Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Contaminated Soil and Groundwater at Airports: A Canadian Case Study","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Environmental Science & Technology","topic":"Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances research","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":162,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal; McGill University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; McGill University; U.S. Department of Defense","keywords":"Groundwater; Contamination; Environmental science; Groundwater contamination; Environmental chemistry; Soil contamination; Contaminated groundwater; Environmental engineering; Waste management; Soil water; Environmental remediation; Chemistry; Geology; Aquifer; Soil science; Engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003353345,0.0009171356,0.0003951985,0.002023841,0.004177818,0.001282723,0.001130823,0.0008512351,0.0008169841],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005138245,0.0003248357,0.0004280519,0.003532796,0.001177764,0.0003027499,0.0007471609,0.0004406525,0.0001165034],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0200693,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.02078564,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9868017,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.995249,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988267,0.00004047673,0.00002699506,0.0001608808,0.0006136266,0.0003311805],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994503,0.00002579738,0.00007620263,0.00001632933,0.0003402802,0.00009102509],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003164111,0.0002430331,0.8827416,0.0004183539,0.0001329594,0.01375981,0.006646347,0.003020296,0.04307599,0.0007001748,0.002070717,0.04687422],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002055461,0.0003668656,0.9555708,0.00008244489,0.0001718265,0.004529207,0.01418957,0.00348304,0.0103869,0.0001687286,0.01092035,0.0001097135],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9959335,0.0003773721,0.0003782529,0.00009481427,0.000005326148,0.00008038989,0.0009229492,0.0000126782,0.002194722],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9956723,0.0008193789,0.001465371,0.00006773918,0.000003883031,0.00001452451,0.0005995013,0.000006163921,0.001351056],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0200693,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1456137,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.007411928338967204,"score_gpt":0.2314102310152571,"score_spread":0.2239983026762899,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}