{"id":"W4200177496","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.1c04798","title":"Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Contaminated Soil and Groundwater at Airports: A Canadian Case Study","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Environmental Science & Technology","topic":"Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances research","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":162,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal; McGill University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; McGill University; U.S. Department of Defense","keywords":"Groundwater; Contamination; Environmental science; Groundwater contamination; Environmental chemistry; Soil contamination; Contaminated groundwater; Environmental engineering; Waste management; Soil water; Environmental remediation; Chemistry; Geology; Aquifer; Soil science; Engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005247322,0.0002456339,0.0002529878,0.0003956104,0.0006959213,0.00008339405,0.0003586198,0.0001500229,0.001902795],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002453609,0.000231191,0.00002071042,0.001054475,0.003933949,0.0005125388,0.0008976791,0.0003139867,0.0001133791],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001371698,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007516758,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.07567055,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.6810362,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9971387,0.00007172218,0.0002764865,0.001037908,0.0004872283,0.0009879232],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990546,0.00002829023,0.00005243085,0.0004361478,0.000003989125,0.0004245161],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007800303,0.0001635556,0.8766417,0.000001867009,0.000004228047,0.006510494,0.00171881,0.000008175578,0.05972277,0.00001704216,0.00001954161,0.05518406],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001306453,0.0004762816,0.9142943,0.00001340493,0.00001578461,0.009973433,0.03250463,0.0003634607,0.02977065,0.000214885,0.01043313,0.0006335864],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9922424,0.005154765,0.000002137805,0.0005837861,0.00006355118,0.0003666833,0.00001344404,0.00003639998,0.001536849],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9982477,0.0004689091,0.00010225,0.0001289977,0.000007005394,0.00005846401,0.000004196578,0.00001474207,0.0009676852],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6053656,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9990096,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.007411928338967204,"score_gpt":0.2314102310152571,"score_spread":0.2239983026762899,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}