{"id":"W4200372379","doi":"10.33423/jabe.v23i7.4867","title":"IPO Underpricing and Prospectus Readability: A Machine Learning Approach","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Applied Business and Economics","topic":"Engineering Diagnostics and Reliability","field":"Engineering","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Prospectus; Initial public offering; Business; Readability; Stock exchange; Monetary economics; Accounting; Finance; Economics; Computer science","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001775008,0.0007343377,0.0006120297,0.003526696,0.0003679861,0.00137361,0.0006200974,0.0008663367,0.001331898],"category_scores_gemma":[0.005850684,0.0002140489,0.0006670093,0.001780604,0.000406703,0.001006594,0.000499336,0.001187833,0.0003430463],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006516895,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005661041,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00593234,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003637213,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994839,0.000172037,0.00005486233,0.000112458,0.0001063645,0.00007029142],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9953178,0.003379584,0.0004758754,0.0001330734,0.0005143416,0.0001792734],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007205616,0.00167177,0.5349914,0.0001742732,0.0004339445,0.0005531702,0.0003636785,0.1885977,0.002003033,0.002821344,0.004017692,0.2636515],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000006490645,0.00009133967,0.03709448,0.00001763244,0.00003821708,0.00005023842,0.00008316095,0.9604367,0.0003207867,0.001646483,0.0002003924,0.00001405409],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9200044,0.001319872,0.07284494,0.001158694,0.00006794472,0.0001259741,0.000845818,0.0002881404,0.003344243],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9905084,0.0002720807,0.007686489,0.00003936811,0.00006814893,0.00003011588,0.0005045393,0.000005054938,0.0008856862],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.00593234,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01179558,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.004972010358045508,"score_gpt":0.1565757729240755,"score_spread":0.15160376256603,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}