{"id":"W4200450853","doi":"10.1017/s0272263121000784","title":"THE LEMMA DILEMMA","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Studies in Second Language Acquisition","topic":"Second Language Acquisition and Learning","field":"Psychology","cited_by":61,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Vocabulary; Operationalization; Lemma (botany); Linguistics; Dilemma; CobB; Affect (linguistics); Value (mathematics); Lexical item; Word (group theory); Vocabulary development; Computer science; Psychology; Artificial intelligence; Mathematics; Epistemology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006251974,0.0001932639,0.0002546265,0.00009283378,0.0003727261,0.00007520668,0.0001948646,0.0001032523,0.07949069],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003440742,0.0001504749,0.0001127322,0.0004033408,0.0001980208,0.0001326903,0.0001325058,0.0003264472,0.0006123667],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009449186,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003439242,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003679637,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004803005,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980577,0.0004490538,0.0004058172,0.0004237339,0.000182526,0.0004812137],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982242,0.0008841181,0.0001145901,0.0005821393,0.0001399111,0.00005501386],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005339824,0.0006310755,0.002584795,0.0003005619,0.001783817,0.0217475,0.4581234,0.00005086629,0.01460225,0.1103531,0.1827714,0.2065172],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003091787,0.0001466436,0.04276163,0.0001779175,0.00005866976,0.0008920445,0.7937039,0.00001955119,0.003457482,0.001605008,0.1533727,0.0007127288],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7807882,0.1558666,0.00002940168,0.0006054278,0.001882862,0.0001512005,0.00001789902,0.0001016495,0.06055667],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9735203,0.0001489561,0.0000894458,0.01033953,0.0006330639,0.000110377,0.00007171415,0.00003011135,0.01505645],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3355805,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9213508,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03453225994763668,"score_gpt":0.3790429950785935,"score_spread":0.3445107351309568,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}