{"id":"W4200566252","doi":"10.1021/acsestengg.1c00248","title":"Oil and Gas Produced Water Reuse: Opportunities, Treatment Needs, and Challenges","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"ACS ES&T Engineering","topic":"Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":113,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy","keywords":"Reuse; Produced water; Environmental science; Land reclamation; Waste management; Environmental planning; Environmental engineering; Engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00005563592,0.0001729158,0.0001381786,0.00000658571,0.00005888176,0.00002394206,0.00007237917,0.00005310593,0.00009828317],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000009176242,0.0001397664,0.00001757995,0.00003836189,0.00006041813,0.000135029,0.0002855103,0.00005875634,0.00001317431],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001157543,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000003343999,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003741043,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001091876,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999257,0.00001034146,0.0001102904,0.0002570241,0.0001087574,0.0002565422],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995735,0.00001369029,0.0000137544,0.0002774586,0.000001542694,0.0001200946],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001532988,0.0001727915,0.005240672,0.0001562748,0.0001163158,0.0003017824,0.0075579,0.04807667,0.09914054,0.0005809584,0.0001033483,0.8385374],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001991435,0.0004589632,0.02269279,0.0001256105,0.0001765623,0.0006787259,0.005892509,0.03048348,0.04771987,0.0001841112,0.887904,0.001691907],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9935495,0.002676551,0.00006552845,0.002257389,0.00006375859,0.00002447154,0.000001227296,0.00005456722,0.001307065],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9150981,0.0722027,0.00651924,0.0001091212,0.00005984779,0.00003309966,0.00001392146,0.00004814571,0.005915805],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8878007,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5699508,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02155949674838442,"score_gpt":0.175878464717347,"score_spread":0.1543189679689626,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}