{"id":"W4200623492","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.114270","title":"Removal of copper from sulfate solutions using biochar derived from crab processing by-product","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Environmental Management","topic":"Adsorption and biosorption for pollutant removal","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":32,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Cape Breton University; Memorial University of Newfoundland","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Ocean Frontier Institute","keywords":"Biochar; Adsorption; Chemistry; Pulp and paper industry; Effluent; Pyrolysis; Copper; Environmental chemistry; Sulfate; Environmental science; Environmental engineering; Organic chemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000123262,0.0003773762,0.0003147919,0.0002896929,0.0002490511,0.0003553739,0.0002493621,0.0003435747,0.0006583105],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001780242,0.0001475261,0.0003231141,0.0001855726,0.0001358984,0.0001809249,0.0002135548,0.0002711393,0.0002580861],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002703905,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002728837,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002488888,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004332919,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998919,0.00001537718,0.000009066604,0.00001713915,0.00003662692,0.00002997976],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999294,0.00001113259,0.00001320242,0.00000547277,0.0000290712,0.00001160853],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001281053,0.00001675512,0.0003073747,0.00005168766,0.000005794213,0.00005219942,0.00001998665,0.000126536,0.9975076,0.00001714401,0.00003018793,0.001736632],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000004074122,0.0002053859,0.00163285,0.000003705135,0.00001163314,0.00003734631,0.00003108823,0.0007861362,0.9968786,0.000008036805,0.0003972653,0.000003842801],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9982966,0.0003017715,0.0006538935,0.00002703245,0.00001599998,0.000006421928,0.00005005227,0.00001996145,0.0006283346],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9962895,0.000272404,0.001069963,0.0000164953,0.000006259793,0.000004566326,0.00008105315,0.000008544528,0.002251178],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002488888,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.004948854,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01746117381020276,"score_gpt":0.2205324095925156,"score_spread":0.2030712357823129,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}