{"id":"W4205396314","doi":"10.1016/j.jclinepi.2022.01.008","title":"Systematic Review Reveals Lack of Causal Methodology Applied to Pooled Longitudinal Observational Infectious Disease Studies","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Journal of Clinical Epidemiology","topic":"Advanced Causal Inference Techniques","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","keywords":"Observational study; Causal inference; Confounding; Pooling; Inference; Infectious disease (medical specialty); Meta-analysis; Systematic review; Medicine; Longitudinal study; Disease; MEDLINE; Psychology; Computer science; Pathology; Artificial intelligence; Biology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","metaepi_broad"],"consensus_categories":["metaresearch"],"category_scores_codex":[0.3391611,0.002636333,0.01025927,0.01350603,0.00162687,0.00925518,0.00514717,0.003991002,0.006263628],"category_scores_gemma":[0.7021381,0.002835411,0.01474237,0.01763224,0.00498779,0.01078537,0.005301578,0.004150461,0.0009087667],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.009640716,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.02360212,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006896709,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01236856,"domain_scores_codex":[0.5209193,0.3394468,0.08760409,0.01541194,0.03469769,0.001920218],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.1807854,0.7431203,0.04054264,0.02012604,0.01484939,0.0005762342],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":"methods","domain_candidate":"methods","domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"systematic_review","study_design_gemma":"systematic_review","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004959728,0.0000249693,0.004624968,0.8139375,0.06198845,0.0002285456,0.001091911,0.001075719,0.0001561856,0.01091024,0.005497041,0.09996853],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007467178,0.0003098527,0.008366783,0.7782931,0.1320741,0.000635682,0.001007962,0.001625881,0.0006689483,0.03608856,0.04001316,0.0001693157],"study_design_candidate":"systematic_review","study_design_consensus":"systematic_review","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.002020413,0.9563572,0.02866767,0.005845968,0.001148787,0.002528465,0.001426169,0.0001268089,0.001878482],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.1616741,0.7580572,0.05091313,0.01145495,0.001386589,0.01405629,0.001730451,0.0002077939,0.0005194994],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9897407,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.814932,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.9380984862681854,"score_gpt":0.7130274982901617,"score_spread":0.2250709879780237,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}