{"id":"W4205556360","doi":"10.3390/jrfm15010035","title":"Bankruptcy Prediction Using Machine Learning Techniques","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of risk and financial management","topic":"Financial Distress and Bankruptcy Prediction","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":94,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Solvency; Support vector machine; Artificial intelligence; Machine learning; Artificial neural network; Computer science; Bankruptcy; Bankruptcy prediction; Extreme learning machine; Boosting (machine learning); Gradient boosting; Data mining; Finance; Business","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007746501,0.0001437257,0.0002197451,0.0004860229,0.0007896523,0.0001158321,0.0001593381,0.00003752153,0.00008862165],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000661694,0.0001368284,0.0001115316,0.0004286841,0.00003232033,0.0006104333,0.0003214454,0.0004413606,0.000002145649],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007647333,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001386065,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003215784,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001660052,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998782,0.00002929694,0.0004395709,0.0001645773,0.0003943689,0.0001901829],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999168,0.00001240193,0.0006240009,0.00008673646,0.0000949118,0.00001388452],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007305645,0.0004465939,0.2339824,0.0003170825,0.00006117224,0.0002740443,0.000253456,0.003834191,0.0003535585,0.03145574,0.002601316,0.7256898],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001041942,0.0002008291,0.1235317,0.0000906666,0.0003612074,0.00004976544,0.0004946766,0.00863742,0.00003866187,0.006484577,0.8588001,0.0002684151],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9361464,0.001588238,0.05590196,0.0001408818,0.002093203,0.0004035937,0.00004584727,0.0001457484,0.003534119],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9965023,0.0006678886,0.001137456,0.0002167235,0.001355542,0.00001096756,0.00001344979,0.00001967521,0.0000760226],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8561988,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6073447,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.007852221872601981,"score_gpt":0.1961759184842889,"score_spread":0.188323696611687,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}