{"id":"W4205682094","doi":"10.1038/s41545-021-00145-y","title":"Developing and enforcing fracking regulations to protect groundwater resources","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"npj Clean Water","topic":"Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":23,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Groundwater; Groundwater resources; Water resources; Water resource management; Natural resource; Environmental science; Extraction (chemistry); Water scarcity; Environmental planning; Natural resource economics; Environmental protection; Aquifer; Business; Engineering; Political science; Law; Economics; Ecology","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000202859,0.0001139489,0.0000885083,0.000009832564,0.0006491021,0.00004209055,0.0001448181,0.00002440796,0.002112787],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000003361245,0.00009048301,0.000023761,0.00008776948,0.00007312954,0.0001422247,0.000925954,0.000126048,0.0001289637],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003305326,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000001526015,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003452241,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003257796,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989862,0.00004086918,0.0001477077,0.0002842286,0.0002433804,0.0002975669],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997394,0.000009473255,0.00002400866,0.0001542315,0.000001007472,0.00007184561],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009916988,0.00008360957,0.2165236,0.00002304254,0.00003429833,0.00003870592,0.034917,0.6131666,0.02262711,0.0003598744,0.0006096088,0.1115174],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000849299,0.0004945681,0.4620551,0.00003513616,0.00003926778,0.0001425182,0.009962129,0.02410072,0.00926747,0.005179786,0.486431,0.001442955],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.984636,0.000003393732,0.01256057,0.0008261109,0.00005272389,0.0002466944,5.882676e-7,0.00004417399,0.001629754],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9742187,0.000001219598,0.021558,0.0009401059,0.00002430379,0.00005349113,0.000004045194,0.0000234346,0.003176722],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5890658,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9987994,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0104319880063318,"score_gpt":0.2039035631870515,"score_spread":0.1934715751807197,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}