{"id":"W4205847426","doi":"10.1051/0004-6361/202142484","title":"The LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Astronomy and Astrophysics","topic":"Radio Astronomy Observations and Technology","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":472,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics; University of Toronto","funders":"FP7 International Cooperation; DST-NRF Centre Of Excellence In Tree Health Biotechnology; Gauss Centre for Supercomputing; Narodowa Agencja Wymiany Akademickiej; Ministerium für Innovation, Wissenschaft und Forschung des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen; Ministero degli Affari Esteri e della Cooperazione Internazionale; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Department of Science and Innovation, South Africa; Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; China Scholarship Council; Max-Planck-Gesellschaft; Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung; University of the Western Cape; Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; Science and Technology Facilities Council; Horizon 2020 Framework Programme; Hrvatska Zaklada za Znanost; Narodowym Centrum Nauki; Canada Research Chairs; UK Research and Innovation; Science Foundation Ireland; Observatoire de Paris, Université de Recherche Paris Sciences et Lettres; National Research Foundation; University of Pretoria; Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung; University of Hertfordshire; European Commission; Dipartimenti di Eccellenza; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; University of Toronto; Ministero dell’Istruzione, dell’Università e della Ricerca; University of Cape Town; Université d'Orléans; Leverhulme Trust","keywords":"LOFAR; Physics; Spectral index; Sky; Optics; Sky brightness; Brightness; Remote sensing; Wavelength; Astrophysics; Radio telescope; Astronomy; Geology; Spectral line","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002762755,0.0002301216,0.0002190223,0.00005248323,0.001858998,0.0001223187,0.0004361235,0.00001555154,0.0002663833],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000002985836,0.0002011758,0.0001042424,0.0003408179,0.000184927,0.0001575311,0.0004058324,0.0004630217,0.00002120933],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003672575,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007921622,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005172224,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001348516,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985752,0.0001498112,0.0002731821,0.0003568096,0.000166753,0.0004782394],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990775,0.0001556323,0.0001726007,0.0004604083,0.00004655289,0.0000873352],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002028893,0.0001200438,0.1894792,7.40847e-7,0.0001130825,7.549167e-7,0.00003382914,0.0008810602,0.00006406188,0.08656173,0.0006376125,0.7220876],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001396541,0.0002900468,0.125334,0.000002846482,0.0000602938,0.000004353524,0.002607445,0.0006889838,0.0003049911,0.004657301,0.8641717,0.0004815144],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8539495,0.0001270299,0.1418825,0.0003556328,0.0003362342,0.0003884381,0.0003288912,0.00007350319,0.002558205],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9908451,0.000001377264,0.007923462,0.00002455501,0.0002378008,0.0002764761,0.0002071979,0.00002789151,0.0004560757],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8635341,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9994404,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.009112939543718104,"score_gpt":0.2126876310109214,"score_spread":0.2035746914672033,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}