{"id":"W4205853613","doi":"10.1007/s00265-021-03121-1","title":"No evidence for innate differences in tadpole behavior between natural, urbanized, and invasive populations","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology","topic":"Amphibian and Reptile Biology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Mount Allison University; Dalhousie University","funders":"Inyuvesi Yakwazulu-Natali; Universiteit Stellenbosch","keywords":"Boldness; Biology; Tadpole (physics); Animal ecology; Ecology; Phenotypic plasticity; Zoology; Introduced species; Habitat; Population","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004359152,0.0001683587,0.0002211297,0.0003955933,0.0003804463,0.0004246491,0.0004023763,0.0002710926,0.004880521],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001300087,0.000130448,0.0002145538,0.0002593036,0.0009716377,0.0004207348,0.0004757187,0.0003866234,0.0001993364],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002362513,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002419794,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002133848,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.008952776,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996707,0.00007403233,0.00001782766,0.0001224136,0.00005996419,0.00005494983],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983145,0.0005208219,0.0004877877,0.0001643415,0.0001523671,0.0003602096],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0009224964,0.0003274211,0.9357383,0.00008032099,0.0001965427,0.0001439077,0.002165637,0.0000897205,0.05472154,0.0004698823,0.0001681526,0.004976073],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00000429304,0.0001853993,0.9980766,0.000004266709,0.00002198255,0.00009245022,0.0007304364,0.00009614833,0.0005909869,0.0000587488,0.0001349717,0.000003753547],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9988264,0.00001967515,0.0000746903,0.00001699896,0.000002580237,0.000002068428,0.00004423739,0.000003665043,0.001009609],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996082,0.00000828356,0.00006591869,0.00002067552,0.000001667656,0.000003957294,0.00004346082,0.000001629488,0.0002462179],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.004880521,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01632696,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.09044983221796679,"score_gpt":0.3287229970901366,"score_spread":0.2382731648721698,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}