{"id":"W4206161370","doi":"10.5267/j.ijiec.2021.12.003","title":"How to start a heuristic? Utilizing lower bounds for solving the quadratic assignment problem","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Industrial Engineering Computations","topic":"Vehicle Routing Optimization Methods","field":"Engineering","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Quadratic assignment problem; Metaheuristic; Mathematical optimization; Heuristic; Bounding overwatch; Computation; Computer science; Weapon target assignment problem; Quadratic equation; Quadratic programming; Combinatorial optimization; Optimization problem; Algorithm; Mathematics; Artificial intelligence","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009322852,0.0001494025,0.0001886118,0.0003335486,0.0001847786,0.0003180984,0.0005143189,0.00004056251,0.00002197747],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006623737,0.0001416184,0.000132266,0.0003184076,0.00001224742,0.0001816959,0.00009461855,0.0004713809,8.176805e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005244871,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001231342,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000002359249,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":6.450374e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985465,0.00005150844,0.0004838865,0.0001118064,0.0005949347,0.0002113808],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986018,0.0006723527,0.000175292,0.0001041725,0.0003499417,0.00009645702],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002531724,0.00002775001,0.00002975545,0.000006055574,0.0001892411,0.00000869706,0.0005481652,0.9895639,0.0009487575,0.0008695855,0.003535129,0.00424761],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009035892,0.0001810991,0.00003154308,0.00007556543,0.00004164466,0.00008963602,0.0005313342,0.9609828,0.0003049158,0.0001869182,0.03649152,0.000179429],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.01439671,0.00005893881,0.9740269,0.006125674,0.00486001,0.000354173,0.00004428075,0.00009123407,0.00004208523],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8928548,0.000002545555,0.1059353,0.00008999525,0.0009360107,0.00007139316,0.00001111094,0.00004774503,0.00005115275],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.878458,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5775029,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04251696378244126,"score_gpt":0.2828610316472661,"score_spread":0.2403440678648248,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}