{"id":"W4206675960","doi":"10.1364/etop.2003.emc1","title":"Undergraduate degrees in photonics in Ontario, Canada","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Education and Training in Optics and Photonics","topic":"Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Wilfrid Laurier University; McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Photonics; Bachelor; Computer science; Engineering; Engineering physics; Engineering management; Physics; Optics; Political science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001428526,0.0001115322,0.0001477611,0.00008889561,0.0000205265,0.00003741763,0.00003959723,0.00006157483,0.00002923558],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002795258,0.0001201732,0.000008500416,0.0001441721,0.00002068166,0.0000582848,0.000005769038,0.0002526399,2.462494e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000196351,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008226486,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.3339498,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9849284,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993774,0.00001353301,0.0002007776,0.0001407861,0.0000652313,0.0002022997],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997461,0.00007305671,0.00001608398,0.00007651459,0.00001150685,0.00007677021],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003723771,0.0005569815,0.570389,0.0005830384,0.00008984219,0.0001022918,0.07352947,0.09487498,0.0009648064,0.2429841,0.0005715999,0.01531662],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00428258,0.0001460783,0.3013555,0.0009481582,0.00004481571,0.0001048478,0.04424436,0.4992025,0.001410442,0.02774759,0.118346,0.00216712],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9833358,0.001067311,0.000002326625,0.00007058137,0.0004286088,0.00008918442,0.000001768248,0.000008246956,0.01499617],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9967103,0.0005996938,0.00242888,0.0001266125,0.000003722893,0.00001374995,0.00000673671,0.0000121772,0.00009814798],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6509786,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6704854,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01450779537261607,"score_gpt":0.2126447448227448,"score_spread":0.1981369494501287,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}