{"id":"W4206675960","doi":"10.1364/etop.2003.emc1","title":"Undergraduate degrees in photonics in Ontario, Canada","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Education and Training in Optics and Photonics","topic":"Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Wilfrid Laurier University; McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Photonics; Bachelor; Computer science; Engineering; Engineering physics; Engineering management; Physics; Optics; Political science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001374434,0.000878846,0.0006399686,0.001926076,0.008804132,0.002516596,0.0007476136,0.0008940405,0.08941429],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001816614,0.0003613931,0.000569226,0.001847241,0.001906907,0.0007894999,0.001415877,0.001113156,0.01420528],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.04321447,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.10479,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.8974999,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9759578,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9978473,0.00006150009,0.00006056013,0.0001815198,0.001257311,0.0005917397],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.993368,0.0001195874,0.0001359204,0.00008870419,0.002374509,0.00391322],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001839305,0.0002858108,0.01991381,0.0005689192,0.00002169492,0.0007911887,0.00525852,0.0005694406,0.00436259,0.02077393,0.7701032,0.177167],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001907493,0.00009982024,0.03176158,0.0002075831,0.00001199388,0.0002023542,0.001717157,0.0004075809,0.0007117338,0.0009963013,0.9638378,0.00002703761],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.059265,0.01846294,0.002937217,0.06718914,0.006173023,0.0005209852,0.01179099,0.0009891174,0.8326715],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.05498975,0.006009331,0.00206026,0.00244871,0.0002799724,0.00008201531,0.001362681,0.00008952296,0.9326779],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9567855,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3135444,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01450779537261607,"score_gpt":0.2126447448227448,"score_spread":0.1981369494501287,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}