{"id":"W4206758809","doi":"10.1109/bibm52615.2021.9669735","title":"Heart Rate Monitoring Using PPG With Smartphone Camera","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"2021 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (BIBM)","topic":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","field":"Engineering","cited_by":26,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Photoplethysmogram; Artificial intelligence; Computer vision; Computer science; SIGNAL (programming language); Pixel; Convolutional neural network; Noise (video); Filter (signal processing)","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001539791,0.0002527551,0.0002693722,0.0002641192,0.00008619911,0.0001775103,0.0001506364,0.00007931906,0.0001554984],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003131813,0.0002102156,0.00004061662,0.0003571903,0.00009413818,0.0003065085,0.00005140403,0.000249405,0.00004029318],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000113568,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008761352,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003544851,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000638315,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987117,0.00001566448,0.0003855852,0.0001833211,0.0004224245,0.0002813003],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991976,0.00006897722,0.00007513886,0.0001914874,0.000303752,0.0001630391],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000685194,0.000074976,0.01122951,0.0002915495,0.000408868,0.0001914681,0.0009911394,0.001552616,0.9676762,0.000708454,0.000882013,0.01592475],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003889709,0.0006262287,0.008619282,0.003944831,0.0001290113,0.0005346619,0.005787557,0.2581066,0.709569,0.000455795,0.006803632,0.001533591],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9710603,0.000213817,0.01482478,0.0007701929,0.003966713,0.0001834383,0.0000633374,0.0001099193,0.008807539],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9885674,0.0005230074,0.009728876,0.0001213154,0.000797843,0.00001003267,0.00004230738,0.00002787488,0.0001813646],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2581071,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8572344,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04810541512609177,"score_gpt":0.2791273793029019,"score_spread":0.2310219641768101,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}