{"id":"W4210261517","doi":"10.1109/icmla52953.2021.00114","title":"Modeling and Predicting Online Learning Activities of Students: An HMM-LSTM based Hybrid Solution","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"2021 20th IEEE International Conference on Machine Learning and Applications (ICMLA)","topic":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Hidden Markov model; Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Machine learning; Anomaly detection; Outlier; Recurrent neural network; Popularity; Streaming data; Deep learning; Classifier (UML); Novelty; Artificial neural network; Data mining","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002784957,0.0001749815,0.0001919463,0.0001816283,0.0004161996,0.0002706425,0.0003870391,0.00006272271,0.0000393898],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005254406,0.0001895953,0.00005111532,0.0002309921,0.00006848495,0.0003891327,0.0001710911,0.0004914546,0.000002634032],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004045882,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007956577,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001212033,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003838249,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984512,0.0001250043,0.0003357457,0.0005549697,0.0003660074,0.0001670534],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990302,0.00009602891,0.0002029767,0.0002613755,0.0003106245,0.0000987881],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000771046,0.001685868,0.04522512,0.0001324276,0.0002273693,0.00001236772,0.0009032123,0.1211695,0.09622477,0.2079015,0.00003597837,0.5264047],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002742687,0.0001099498,0.0006371401,0.00006960853,0.0000140077,0.00001903725,0.000308214,0.9909226,0.004731546,0.001047781,0.001688946,0.0001769185],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2451076,0.00007808846,0.7528303,0.0008006789,0.00004661437,0.0001516233,0.00002997458,0.0001570063,0.0007980604],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.979801,0.0004726966,0.01861945,0.00008545352,0.0001140023,0.000133804,0.0001454917,0.00001513922,0.0006129406],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8697531,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7731472,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03401389725149059,"score_gpt":0.3309527769397034,"score_spread":0.2969388796882129,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}