{"id":"W4210270766","doi":"10.3390/jintelligence10010008","title":"Linguistic Influences on Cognitive Test Performance: Examinee Characteristics Are More Important than Test Characteristics","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Intelligence","topic":"Educational and Psychological Assessments","field":"Psychology","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Test (biology); Cognition; Psychology; Cognitive psychology; Cognitive test; Interpretation (philosophy); Language assessment; Computer science; Mathematics education","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.04304234,0.0005952627,0.0007747647,0.001097951,0.0006811244,0.002013989,0.000873272,0.0007367058,0.002021492],"category_scores_gemma":[0.1972283,0.0002871923,0.001275142,0.001399666,0.001666413,0.001935223,0.001441598,0.001349647,0.0002935175],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000753262,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002243193,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005233116,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.009363884,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9568363,0.02868186,0.003036833,0.004030293,0.006607215,0.000807456],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.6448733,0.3158686,0.02267088,0.007646999,0.006287182,0.002653111],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":"methods","domain_candidate":"methods","domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000601436,0.0001543573,0.962411,0.000416104,0.00105633,0.0001908591,0.002223321,0.000393847,0.001185234,0.0006056134,0.0004359104,0.03032595],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003645024,0.000915857,0.9899412,0.0003243831,0.0006600213,0.0002692384,0.0009527604,0.001527159,0.001875547,0.001487898,0.001966488,0.00004296138],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9502735,0.004517168,0.03411204,0.002492769,0.0001898551,0.0003050352,0.0005294536,0.0001293956,0.007450722],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9907178,0.0002902366,0.007390436,0.0005334978,0.00004788208,0.0001663233,0.0001284941,0.00006803313,0.0006573419],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9569576,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2276324,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0530220333927031,"score_gpt":0.3735721751067916,"score_spread":0.3205501417140885,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}