{"id":"W4210377061","doi":"10.1073/pnas.2115329119","title":"The number of tree species on Earth","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","topic":"Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":225,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal; Concordia University; Lakehead University","funders":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences; Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences; European Regional Development Fund; Narodowe Centrum Badań i Rozwoju; Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional para el Desarrollo; Wageningen University and Research; Korea Forest Service; Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia; Science and Engineering Research Board; Direktoratet for Utviklingssamarbeid; National Institute of Food and Agriculture; Consortium of International Agricultural Research Centers; Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research; State Forest Management Centre; Bundesministerium für Umwelt, Naturschutz, nukleare Sicherheit und Verbraucherschutz; Fondo Nacional de Ciencia Tecnología e Innovación; Russian Science Foundation; Bundesministerium für Umwelt, Naturschutz, Bau und Reaktorsicherheit; Universität Hamburg; Agentúra na Podporu Výskumu a Vývoja; Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas; Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos; United States Agency for International Development; Akademie Věd České Republiky; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico; Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior; Queensland Government; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; Bundesamt für Umwelt; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung; Russian Foundation for Basic Research; Grantová Agentura České Republiky; Natural Environment Research Council; U.S. Department of Agriculture; Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung; Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação; Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University; European Commission; Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; Australian Government; Agence Nationale de la Recherche; Wildlife Conservation Society; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees; National Science Foundation; Purdue University; International Tropical Timber Organization; Belgian Federal Science Policy Office; Smithsonian Institution; Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India; Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Australian Government; U.S. Forest Service; Sveriges Lantbruksuniversitet; Sight Research UK; National Research Foundation; Fondazione Edmund Mach; Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science; Villum Fonden; Seoul National University; Fondo de Fomento al Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico; Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa e Inovação do Estado de Santa Catarina; Royal Society; National Foundation for Science and Technology Development; Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia; Narodowy Fundusz Ochrony Środowiska i Gospodarki Wodnej; Danmarks Frie Forskningsfond","keywords":"Earth (classical element); Tree (set theory); Geography; Astrobiology; Mathematics; Biology; Combinatorics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002870065,0.0002265248,0.0002554632,0.001859497,0.0002278051,0.0008958324,0.0002531825,0.0002157481,0.004257562],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0016434,0.00009875114,0.0002560396,0.002672034,0.0002888305,0.001543923,0.0005707804,0.0003552784,0.00132964],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000204769,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001406447,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00348217,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003946739,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997235,0.00004357192,0.00001889497,0.00007939187,0.0001017096,0.00003289495],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993103,0.0002161206,0.0001737825,0.00006630609,0.000147008,0.00008654578],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009659684,0.0000304206,0.7981011,0.000715131,0.0004284513,0.0001861326,0.001029313,0.004010045,0.008783331,0.01607147,0.01641732,0.1541307],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00000559481,0.00004871949,0.8816344,0.0001583964,0.0001030092,0.001003289,0.001280777,0.002541399,0.001112565,0.00833534,0.1037474,0.00002910556],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8699045,0.01886428,0.01494468,0.001034555,0.0002282045,0.00003964575,0.03882904,0.0002752178,0.05587992],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9695072,0.007342664,0.006787393,0.0001743012,0.00009467305,0.0000307691,0.01306715,0.00003171749,0.002964112],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.004257562,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01424295,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02632006753629768,"score_gpt":0.2785355901344962,"score_spread":0.2522155225981985,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). 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