{"id":"W4210377061","doi":"10.1073/pnas.2115329119","title":"The number of tree species on Earth","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","topic":"Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":225,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal; Concordia University; Lakehead University","funders":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences; Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences; European Regional Development Fund; Narodowe Centrum Badań i Rozwoju; Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional para el Desarrollo; Wageningen University and Research; Korea Forest Service; Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia; Science and Engineering Research Board; Direktoratet for Utviklingssamarbeid; National Institute of Food and Agriculture; Consortium of International Agricultural Research Centers; Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research; State Forest Management Centre; Bundesministerium für Umwelt, Naturschutz, nukleare Sicherheit und Verbraucherschutz; Fondo Nacional de Ciencia Tecnología e Innovación; Russian Science Foundation; Bundesministerium für Umwelt, Naturschutz, Bau und Reaktorsicherheit; Universität Hamburg; Agentúra na Podporu Výskumu a Vývoja; Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas; Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos; United States Agency for International Development; Akademie Věd České Republiky; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico; Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior; Queensland Government; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; Bundesamt für Umwelt; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung; Russian Foundation for Basic Research; Grantová Agentura České Republiky; Natural Environment Research Council; U.S. Department of Agriculture; Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung; Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação; Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University; European Commission; Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; Australian Government; Agence Nationale de la Recherche; Wildlife Conservation Society; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees; National Science Foundation; Purdue University; International Tropical Timber Organization; Belgian Federal Science Policy Office; Smithsonian Institution; Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India; Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Australian Government; U.S. Forest Service; Sveriges Lantbruksuniversitet; Sight Research UK; National Research Foundation; Fondazione Edmund Mach; Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science; Villum Fonden; Seoul National University; Fondo de Fomento al Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico; Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa e Inovação do Estado de Santa Catarina; Royal Society; National Foundation for Science and Technology Development; Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia; Narodowy Fundusz Ochrony Środowiska i Gospodarki Wodnej; Danmarks Frie Forskningsfond","keywords":"Earth (classical element); Tree (set theory); Geography; Astrobiology; Mathematics; Biology; Combinatorics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001082994,0.00004253856,0.00006838381,0.00002296877,0.0007151663,0.000004791654,0.0006144019,0.00001637245,0.0002187785],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002198869,0.00002411296,0.00004339667,0.0004291623,0.001596994,0.0001088788,0.0003342694,0.0001124363,0.000004973446],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000267813,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000006043456,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000003513508,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":8.581781e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987714,0.000008840612,0.0001723337,0.0001120239,0.0008488827,0.00008653492],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994624,0.0002230069,0.0002741638,0.000005680044,0.00002589578,0.000008911333],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002631914,0.00008635126,0.4422959,0.000008846818,0.0000179692,3.199415e-9,0.0006198073,0.002751417,0.02942436,0.521624,0.002695083,0.0004499075],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007708414,0.00004662243,0.9063383,0.000004651715,0.000004139635,0.00000232985,0.0006096991,0.0008409481,0.01337139,0.07670631,0.001960902,0.00003759728],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8387664,0.00001562191,1.273212e-7,0.003873516,0.00002159924,0.00006855449,0.000006423812,0.000002640888,0.1572451],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9964508,0.00001948382,0.000194873,0.0002075865,0.00001022103,0.00001067514,2.739006e-8,0.00000116962,0.003105142],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4640424,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.588419,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02632006753629768,"score_gpt":0.2785355901344962,"score_spread":0.2522155225981985,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}