{"id":"W4210906047","doi":"10.1186/s40100-022-00210-1","title":"Nonfarm activity and market participation by farmers in Ghana","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Agricultural and Food Economics","topic":"Innovation and Socioeconomic Development","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"Department for International Development; International Development Research Centre; Government of Canada","keywords":"Nonfarm payrolls; Agriculture; Work (physics); Probit model; Probit; Economics; Selection bias; Agricultural economics; Business; Demographic economics; Geography; Econometrics; Engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001579156,0.00008092332,0.0001012409,0.00004671736,0.0001854487,0.00009558281,0.00004280584,0.00002143462,0.0001638788],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000003312117,0.00007093031,0.00001368741,0.00007434098,0.00001702368,0.0004165136,0.0001144217,0.00007505247,0.000006161226],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007306413,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000004927099,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001411652,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001775413,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995442,0.000005615842,0.0001401842,0.0001591648,0.00002328976,0.0001275184],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998491,0.000008805597,0.00009202123,0.00003147814,0.00001042809,0.00000811782],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003173712,0.0007335024,0.4542623,0.0002735444,0.0003708371,0.000003022365,0.004010566,0.000503092,0.001591437,0.2010146,0.09681187,0.2401078],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009459011,0.00002876044,0.9440527,0.000002633033,0.00001215341,0.000002366299,0.006120334,0.002853936,0.00003023421,0.0009278865,0.04466346,0.0003596317],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9859394,0.00002322081,0.000001441211,0.002486296,0.0001491467,0.0001188553,0.000007362815,0.00001491695,0.01125934],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9980875,0.00001747447,0.00001573633,0.001267387,0.00006113073,0.00004243708,0.00004335026,0.000003922189,0.0004610394],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4897904,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2892454,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01176395838404235,"score_gpt":0.1868706552880398,"score_spread":0.1751066969039974,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}