{"id":"W4210946990","doi":"10.1016/j.jpain.2022.01.006","title":"Trends in Prescriptions for Non-opioid Pain Medications Among U.S. Adults With Moderate or Severe Pain, 2014-2018","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Pain","topic":"Opioid Use Disorder Treatment","field":"Medicine","cited_by":41,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Institute on Drug Abuse; David Suzuki Foundation","keywords":"Medicine; Acetaminophen; Medical prescription; Opioid; Odds ratio; Internal medicine; Pregabalin; Pain ladder; Odds; Chronic pain; Gabapentin; Psychiatry; Anesthesia; Alternative medicine; Pharmacology; Logistic regression","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000265561,0.0001543525,0.0001846354,0.0009315064,0.0002802548,0.0005918891,0.0004037649,0.0003928647,0.003620707],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00170543,0.0001556111,0.0004603127,0.001516997,0.0001369889,0.0005992707,0.0004678482,0.000651555,0.0003992489],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009371843,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001178645,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.09863892,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.2253332,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996089,0.0000353672,0.0001010813,0.00007508876,0.0001027972,0.00007672222],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986275,0.0001404714,0.000730363,0.00001922621,0.0003253254,0.0001570931],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002523718,0.00009347318,0.9767902,0.0002477193,0.0001361178,0.00005858228,0.0001538274,0.0001443586,0.0002911638,0.0002323021,0.01147835,0.0101215],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001314025,0.00005449469,0.9941525,0.0001020247,0.00004960057,0.0001542372,0.0004917974,0.0002295665,0.00009527565,0.00003268183,0.004619102,0.000005625165],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9055271,0.005998021,0.0002642936,0.002033971,0.0001423643,0.00004807804,0.07699318,0.00009107024,0.008901835],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9591339,0.003609242,0.0004473737,0.0008514996,0.00009939315,0.00007666581,0.03156509,0.00001497497,0.004201906],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.09863892,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1961296,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01179521528795561,"score_gpt":0.2635935069450292,"score_spread":0.2517982916570736,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}