{"id":"W4212784659","doi":"10.22329/il.v41i3.6838","title":"Argumentative Bullshit","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Informal Logic","topic":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Comisión Nacional de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica; Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo","keywords":"Argumentative; Argument (complex analysis); Epistemology; Relation (database); Philosophy; Computer science; Chemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01143089,0.0008221274,0.0005675323,0.002528744,0.003105787,0.006610215,0.001338705,0.005270146,0.006461347],"category_scores_gemma":[0.02313619,0.0004542992,0.00112108,0.001090718,0.02567332,0.01559452,0.006551572,0.006024376,0.001314566],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.004362566,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001497063,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001592501,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001110553,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9898418,0.005729548,0.0005143271,0.001365582,0.001978177,0.0005705768],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9788136,0.01342833,0.001909456,0.003164973,0.00230254,0.0003811133],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001126487,0.000003896862,0.0001890712,0.00003310956,0.000005624173,0.00007500149,0.002782857,0.0001094585,0.0001169815,0.9933755,0.0008108981,0.002486325],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001246977,0.00001791055,0.000370267,0.0002099734,0.00001641057,0.0003191607,0.001531795,0.001027263,0.0009527605,0.9146904,0.08082846,0.00002317824],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.07077765,0.01471656,0.2753423,0.06976068,0.001826609,0.0001972294,0.0002735065,0.000439255,0.5666662],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9534339,0.001748625,0.01467502,0.003399086,0.0004435095,0.00008634298,0.00006866278,0.0001279394,0.02601699],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.01143089,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.06045306,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04845570612227417,"score_gpt":0.3575085300140763,"score_spread":0.3090528238918022,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}