{"id":"W4212974703","doi":"10.1139/as-2020-0058","title":"Winters are changing: snow effects on Arctic and alpine tundra ecosystems","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Arctic Science","topic":"Climate change and permafrost","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":167,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University; University of British Columbia","funders":"Australian Research Council; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Framsenteret; Nordenskiöld-samfundet; ArcticNet; Vetenskapsrådet; Kempestiftelserna; Oskar Öflunds Stiftelse; Horizon 2020 Framework Programme; Senter for Internasjonalisering av Utdanning; National Research Foundation of Korea; Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; Natural Environment Research Council; Vlaamse regering; Norges Forskningsråd; Qatar Petroleum; Academy of Finland; Polar Knowledge Canada; Division of Environmental Biology; Grantová Agentura České Republiky; Oulun Yliopisto; Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung; Societas pro Fauna et Flora Fennica; National Research Foundation; Sight Research UK; Kempe Foundation; Danmarks Grundforskningsfond; Eidgenössische Anstalt für Wasserversorgung Abwasserreinigung und Gewässerschutz; Helsingin Yliopisto; European Commission; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Snow; Tundra; Snowmelt; Environmental science; Ecosystem; Biome; Permafrost; Physical geography; Snow field; Meltwater; Ecology; Biogeochemical cycle; Growing season; Vegetation (pathology); Atmospheric sciences; Snow cover; Geography; Geology; Biology; Meteorology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006254775,0.0001734138,0.0001761121,0.0004149484,0.0004573395,0.0008655999,0.0001380516,0.0001929828,0.0008394439],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007964609,0.00005201334,0.0002987347,0.0006895849,0.0003708068,0.0005466713,0.0004671759,0.0002163253,0.00007929713],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007066288,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007050934,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.04196069,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.07316789,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998016,0.00007975749,0.00001633606,0.0000336394,0.00003283596,0.00003580377],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996363,0.00008947939,0.0001321987,0.00001720884,0.00006293728,0.0000619811],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007770059,0.00006087246,0.8022334,0.001683818,0.001094671,0.0008236236,0.005137697,0.004208108,0.01447181,0.002831907,0.002949062,0.163728],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000003838866,0.00007683203,0.9863106,0.0001928347,0.0001244145,0.0001064551,0.002030416,0.0004206458,0.0004282348,0.0007266219,0.009566306,0.00001279334],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9721819,0.02144051,0.0003540848,0.001169982,0.00009414912,0.000004706473,0.000701247,0.00001848236,0.004034886],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9869246,0.01178019,0.0003022216,0.0002588823,0.0001116364,0.000004090715,0.0003094727,0.00001009999,0.0002986829],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04196069,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.08343291,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02327489453343712,"score_gpt":0.2283809150055094,"score_spread":0.2051060204720723,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}