{"id":"W4213112027","doi":"10.1093/mnras/stab3418","title":"The International Pulsar Timing Array second data release: Search for an isotropic gravitational wave background","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society","topic":"Pulsars and Gravitational Waves Research","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":334,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics; University of Toronto; University of British Columbia; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research","funders":"H2020 European Research Council; Division of Arctic Sciences; Australian Research Council; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National Science Foundation; Agenzia Spaziale Italiana; Agence Nationale de la Recherche; Rochester Academy of Science; Space Telescope Science Institute; Stavros Niarchos Foundation; Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales; Science and Technology Facilities Council; Ministero dell’Istruzione, dell’Università e della Ricerca; California Earthquake Authority; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research; National Aeronautics and Space Administration","keywords":"Physics; Pulsar; Gravitational wave; Astrophysics; Amplitude; Supermassive black hole; Gravitational wave background; Spectral index; Population; Binary pulsar; Astronomy; Millisecond pulsar; Spectral line; Optics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002220972,0.0005097497,0.0006038697,0.003046072,0.0004339307,0.001555343,0.0004958482,0.0003599862,0.001731557],"category_scores_gemma":[0.005207246,0.0001768134,0.0003581682,0.005307508,0.000220075,0.0004767249,0.001108119,0.0005925605,0.0009973015],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004602217,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008356996,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01006722,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01745208,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9977524,0.0002945843,0.0001900868,0.0004238484,0.001067445,0.0002716297],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9929202,0.001188173,0.002248543,0.001051532,0.001974174,0.0006172961],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005165289,0.0001503807,0.9218032,0.0001232907,0.0003105939,0.0003675093,0.0006514855,0.005232156,0.01989779,0.002327342,0.01502571,0.03359402],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003865146,0.0001443002,0.9579359,0.00004015289,0.0001612691,0.0003129167,0.0003107547,0.006066257,0.009022954,0.0002790267,0.02564461,0.00004333719],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8957713,0.0004712088,0.01021945,0.0005254221,0.0001316452,0.0001269711,0.0629098,0.0006510001,0.02919312],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8850954,0.0001272623,0.007252232,0.0002282037,0.0001665617,0.0001441876,0.1038912,0.0003362475,0.002758585],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01006722,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02001727,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04816733011042672,"score_gpt":0.3266506767641782,"score_spread":0.2784833466537515,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}