{"id":"W4213164152","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-1318655/v1","title":"Cost of research and education activities in US colleges - scalability, complementarity, and heterogeneous efficiency","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"Research Square","topic":"Economic Growth and Productivity","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Complementarity (molecular biology); Scalability; Computer science; Business; Knowledge management; Biology; Database","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002844458,0.0002304263,0.0005908475,0.003476278,0.0004288654,0.002662369,0.0006056677,0.0005420987,0.002619914],"category_scores_gemma":[0.02072722,0.0002317991,0.0006291257,0.006399442,0.001014658,0.001927914,0.002267786,0.0007479318,0.0002532747],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.003160548,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001250666,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02109886,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02779903,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9972395,0.0006978161,0.0002450866,0.0004455579,0.0009473235,0.0004246376],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9811126,0.009075576,0.005245055,0.001555061,0.001945531,0.001066155],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":"evaluation","domain_candidate":"evaluation","domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002127433,0.0002097105,0.8220083,0.000140017,0.0002501802,0.0002057661,0.0002399143,0.115229,0.001218684,0.02023709,0.001571119,0.03847756],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002926978,0.00005388241,0.8188772,0.0000443228,0.00005646026,0.00009471297,0.0006679058,0.1461644,0.001105951,0.03059752,0.002268868,0.00003940137],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9897264,0.0001998444,0.004347724,0.0004732794,0.000004791928,0.00002074731,0.001286356,0.00003854628,0.003902197],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9983581,0.00005597461,0.0007027098,0.00001633534,0.000005385323,0.000009385732,0.0005467064,0.000005036591,0.0003004117],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9971555,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.04195207,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1863156527099426,"score_gpt":0.4076089058142258,"score_spread":0.2212932531042832,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}