{"id":"W4213286170","doi":"10.1002/0471667196.ess4068.pub2","title":"Geographic Information Systems","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"other","venue":"Encyclopedia of Statistical Sciences","topic":"Geographic Information Systems Studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Syracuse University","keywords":"Computer science; Raster graphics; Geographic information system; Raster data; GIS file format; Software; Data mining; Spatial analysis; Visualization; Vector map; GIS applications; AM/FM/GIS; Information system; Digital mapping; Database; Information retrieval; Cartography; Geography; Remote sensing; Computer graphics (images); Artificial intelligence; Engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001467802,0.0002193984,0.0004414976,0.0007911827,0.0004775692,0.0001429746,0.0005551648,0.0002669987,0.002461696],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005527083,0.00018528,0.00007283299,0.0009183349,0.00248387,0.000520123,0.00007208318,0.0001514148,0.0004545757],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003522711,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002862804,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02175662,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002448115,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9968727,0.0001481041,0.0007086605,0.0002034325,0.001570325,0.000496826],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984419,0.0003546655,0.0007079949,0.0001711417,0.0001629632,0.0001612971],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001488946,0.00001678839,0.002388948,0.0001364149,0.00003224334,6.168374e-7,0.002780607,0.00001022798,1.978373e-8,0.646444,0.3394108,0.008777861],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000925031,0.00003891138,0.001253709,0.0001440081,0.00002316681,6.681529e-7,0.005260191,0.00002143616,3.100619e-8,0.0003884893,0.9925554,0.0002214335],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.000009989948,0.001052688,0.002405079,0.0001710317,0.001510778,0.0005925715,0.0003464746,0.0001948029,0.9937166],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.02307787,0.02515146,0.01486036,0.0002358963,0.002993441,0.0002862903,0.0001747115,0.0001528845,0.9330671],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6531447,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9984502,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01111365191503555,"score_gpt":0.2862673066603101,"score_spread":0.2751536547452746,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}