{"id":"W4213385952","doi":"10.1002/ceat.202100503","title":"A Review of Biomass Resources and Thermochemical Conversion Technologies","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Chemical Engineering & Technology","topic":"Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes","field":"Engineering","cited_by":129,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs","keywords":"Biomass (ecology); Torrefaction; Biofuel; Renewable energy; Environmental science; Greenhouse gas; Waste management; Pyrolysis; Liquefaction; Renewable resource; Bioenergy; Engineering; Agronomy","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003200382,0.001142096,0.001210377,0.003191347,0.0003735222,0.001159155,0.0006838119,0.0007295259,0.007854982],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003592866,0.0004170519,0.0006535561,0.004681078,0.0002435227,0.001455178,0.0005468185,0.001153,0.003473108],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004542061,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001011509,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001097537,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001517312,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997879,0.00001978524,0.00002923427,0.0000441333,0.00009719317,0.00002191386],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998459,0.00005584869,0.00003151096,0.000007245815,0.00004831867,0.00001130329],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006315254,0.000133898,0.0001731862,0.05484554,0.0001148311,0.0002395973,0.00008403665,0.0009251303,0.009666556,0.007483693,0.03298862,0.8932818],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00000418285,0.00006277558,0.0004288075,0.003499682,0.00007511769,0.000451717,0.00003489744,0.0001006984,0.001416237,0.00126715,0.9926438,0.00001501099],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0003497223,0.9957923,0.0003139817,0.0001170853,0.0002197519,0.000008745742,0.0000784633,0.00001287423,0.003107002],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.001025761,0.9968299,0.000329228,0.00008631393,0.0001043139,0.000008257198,0.00009356788,0.000002602026,0.001520065],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.007854982,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02627748,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0121558028622729,"score_gpt":0.2267630774054184,"score_spread":0.2146072745431455,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}