{"id":"W4214866315","doi":"10.1108/techs-12-2021-0029","title":"Artificial intelligence in healthcare: a comprehensive review of its ethical concerns","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Technological Sustainability","topic":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","field":"Medicine","cited_by":81,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec en Outaouais","funders":"","keywords":"Health care; Pace; Harm; Popularity; Credibility; Originality; Engineering ethics; Knowledge management; Business; Psychology; Computer science; Political science; Engineering; Creativity; Social psychology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","metaepi_narrow","research_integrity","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["research_integrity"],"category_scores_codex":[0.002601133,0.0004656149,0.003378555,0.0003818342,0.0001245155,0.000007919778,0.0005511282,0.001739743,0.001138579],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01714673,0.0003674829,0.0006427489,0.002702075,0.0009061076,0.00003557176,0.000415158,0.005309354,0.00002970298],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00293781,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003374778,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004660041,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002068102,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9936334,0.001143655,0.002939732,0.0009588847,0.0006405553,0.000683755],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9950319,0.002058453,0.000720105,0.0010668,0.0009093425,0.0002134247],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002943213,0.0003084771,0.00002176357,0.2806415,0.00001370871,0.00005505464,0.00003101301,2.157771e-7,5.61785e-8,0.01891053,0.00006101007,0.6999272],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000007952025,0.0007112542,0.000007751724,0.03458164,0.0002090611,0.00006629376,0.001101035,0.00001294227,0.00001743809,0.03414164,0.9288316,0.000311359],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.00008081407,0.9694977,0.00007695825,0.02406914,0.0001626692,0.005826773,0.00003637632,0.0001909484,0.00005866708],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.002294566,0.9946756,0.0001285128,0.001365885,0.00008004975,0.00128014,0.0001300662,0.00002985136,0.00001535058],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9287706,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998777,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.394363747099215,"score_gpt":0.5383768726655569,"score_spread":0.1440131255663419,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}